This is an old problem for me which I resolved quite a while ago, but I figured I’d finally write it up. When I started at my new company, the production database would crash about once a month with ORA-4031 memory errors. The current DBA figured the problem was lack of bind variables in application code, which is normally the most likely culprit. Lack of bind variables was a problem, but as I soon found out, the problem was not related to SQL statements at all. Rather, the problem was due to a bug with Direct NFS. Apparently, Direct NFS had a memory leak in it. The memory leak affected the Shared Pool and given enough time, the free memory in the Shared Pool became non-existent, ORA-4031 errors would be tossed, and the database would crash.
I worked with Oracle Support to confirm that this was a bug. This problem was filed as Bug 10237987 and affects versions 11.1.0 and 11.2.0. I ran into this bug on a 3 node RAC cluster running Oracle Enterprise Linux. I was never able to get an answer if this bug occurred on other OS platforms or for non-RAC environments. The bug cause the KGNFS pools in the Shared Pool to grow significantly over time.
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In the end, our workaround was to stop using Direct NFS in our configuration. Our testing showed no performance differences with or without Direct NFS. Since we quit using Direct NFS, we have not seen any of the ORA-4031 errors. I see the bug is still out there on Metalink but no fix as of yet.